7.1.1 GAW stations for greenhouse and reactive gas observation

   The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) established a WMO Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (BAPMoN) station at Ryori in 1976 to start the observation of chemical composition of precipitation and dry deposition. This observation at Ryori is the longest in Japan and contributes to the long-term monitoring of acid rain. Later, as the issue of global warming due to increased greenhouse gases became highlighted globally, JMA started a continous observation of atmospheric CO₂ at Ryori in 1987, which became a contribution to the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme. JMA added the observations of aerosol optical depth in 1988, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113), N₂O, CCl₄, CH₃CCl₃, CH₄, surface ozone and CO incrementally from 1990.

   In 1993, JMA established a GAW Global Station, meeting severe requirements in observational environment, at Minamitorishima, where the observations of CO₂, CH₄, surface ozone, CO, aerosol optical depth, chemical composition of precipitation and dry deposition are launched in a phased manner. From 1997, the observations of CO₂, CH₄, surface ozone, CO and aerosol optical depth are gradually supplemented at Yonagunijima. The currently implemented observations of JMA are listed in Table 7.1.1.1.

Table 7.1.1.1 Specification of GAW stations for greenhouse gases, aerosols and precipitation chemistry operated by JMA.

Station name		Ryori	Minamitorishima	Yonagunijima	Syowa
Latitude		39°02'N	24°17'N	24°28'N	69°00'S
Longitude		141°49'E	153°59'E	123°01'E	39°35'E
Altitude		260 m	8 m	30 m	18 m
WMO station number		47513	47991	47912	89532
GAW station type		Regional	Global	Regional	Regional
Parameter	CO2	O	O	O
	CH4	O	O	O
	CO	O	O	O
	O3	O	O	O	O
	Chlorofluorocarbons	O
	N2O	O
	CH3CCl3	O
	CCl4	O
	Atmospheric deposition	O	O
	Aerosol optical depth	O	O	O	O
	Aerosol vertical profile	O

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Ryori | Minamitorishima | Yonagunijima | Syowa | Ground-base Meteorological Observation